Make Styrofoam becomes more useful

In the purchase of electronic equipment included Styrofoam, which is useful to protect the equipment that was not damaged when the package. However, when electronic equipment is used, the foam becomes useless. Actually, other than dumped or piled up in warehouses, Styrofoam can be converted or Recycled into a beautiful handicrafts. How?

The summary of the code

That's a brief review of the Resin Identification Code. Although only a summary of it, I hope this was able to increase the knowledge about this. Summary of my code will be attached at the bottom of this blog.

Resin identification code 7

The Polimer Name such as Other plastics, including Acrylic, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Fiberglass, Nylon, Polycarbonate, and Polylactic acid.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate) is a transparent thermoplastic. Chemically, it is the synthetic polymer of methyl methacrylate. It is sold under many trade names, including Policril, Plexiglas, Gavrieli, Vitroflex, Limacryl, R-Cast, Per-Clax, Perspex, Plazcryl, Acrylex, Acrylite, Acrylplast, Altuglas, Polycast, Oroglass, Optix and Lucite and is commonly called acrylic glass, simply acrylic, perspex or plexiglas. Acrylic, or acrylic fiber, can also refer to polymers or copolymers containing polyacrylonitrile. The material was developed in 1928 in various laboratories and was brought to market in 1933 by Rohm and Haas Company. 

PMMA is often used as an alternative to glass, and in competition with polycarbonate (PC). It is often preferred because of its moderate properties, easy handling and processing, and low cost, but behaves in a brittle manner when loaded, especially under an impact force. To produce 1 kg of PMMA, about 2 kg of petroleum is needed. PMMA ignites at 460 °C and burns, forming carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide and low molecular weight compounds, including formaldehyde.

Resin identification code 6

Polystyrene is a thermoplastic substance, which is in solid (glassy) state at room temperature, but flows if heated above its glass transition temperature (for molding or extrusion), and becoming solid again when cooling off. Pure solid polystyrene is a colorless, hard plastic with limited flexibility. It can be cast into molds with fine detail. Polystyrene can be transparent or can be made to take on various colors.

Solid polystyrene is used, for example, in disposable cutlery, plastic models, CD and DVD cases, and smoke detector housings. Products made from foamed polystyrene are nearly ubiquitous, for example packing materials, insulation, and foam drink cups.
Polystyrene can be recycled, and has the number "6" as its recycling symbol. Polystyrene does not biodegrade, and is often abundant as a form of pollution in the outdoor environment, particularly along shores and waterways.

Form Produce
Polystyrene is commonly produced in three forms: extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene foam, and extruded polystyrene foam, each with a variety of applications. Polystyrene copolymers are also produced; these contain one or more other monomers in addition to styrene. In recent years the expanded polystyrene composites with cellulose and starch have also been produced.
This is the other form :
Extruded polystyrene Foams Expanded polystyrene foam Extruded polystyrene foam Copolymers Oriented polystyrene

Recycling
Currently, the majority of polystyrene products are not recycled. Expanded polystyrene scrap can be easily added to products such as EPS insulation sheets and other EPS materials for construction applications. Commonly, manufacturers cannot obtain sufficient scrap because of the aforementioned collection issues. When it is not used to make more EPS, foam scrap can be turned into clothes hangers, park benches, flower pots, toys, rulers, stapler bodies, seedling containers, picture frames, and architectural molding from recycled PS.
Recycled EPS is also used in many metal casting operations. Rastra is made from EPS that is combined with cement to be used as an insulating amendment in the making of concrete foundations. American manufacturers have produced insulated concrete forms made with approximately 80% recycled EPS since 1993. However, polystyrene recycling is not a closed loop, producing more polystyrene; polystyrene cups and other packaging materials are instead usually used as fillers in other plastics, or in other items that cannot themselves be recycled and are thrown away.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrene

Resin identification code 5

Polypropylene or polypropene (PP) is a thermoplastic polymer, made by the chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications, including packaging, textiles (e.g. ropes, thermal underwear and carpets), stationery, plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, and polymer banknotes. An addition polymer made from the monomer propylene, it is rugged and unusually resistant to many chemical solvents, bases and acids. In 2007, the global market for polypropylene had a volume of 45.1 million tons which led to a turnover of about 65 billion US $ (47,4 billion €).

Chemical and physical properties
Micrograph of polypropylene
Most commercial polypropylene is isotactic and has an intermediate level of crystallinity between that of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE); its Young's modulus is also intermediate. PP is normally tough and flexible, especially when copolymerized with ethylene. This allows polypropylene to be used as an engineering plastic, competing with materials such as ABS. Polypropylene is reasonably economical, and can be made translucent when uncolored but is not as readily made transparent as polystyrene, acrylic or certain other plastics. It is often opaque or colored using pigments. Polypropylene has good resistance to fatigue. Polypropylene has a melting point of ~160 °C (320 °F), as determined by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
The MFR (Melt Flow Rate) or MFI (Melt Flow Index) is a measure of PP's molecular weight. This helps to determine how easily the molten raw material will flow during processing. Higher MFR PPs fill the plastic mold more easily during the injection or blow molding production process. As the melt flow increases, however, some physical properties, like impact strength, will decrease.
There are three general types of PP: homopolymer, random copolymer and block copolymer. The comonomer used is typically ethylene. Ethylene-propylene rubber or EPDM added to PP homopolymer increases its low temperature impact strength. Randomly polymerized ethylene monomer added to PP homopolymer decreases the polymer crystallinity and makes the polymer more transparent.

Degradation
Polypropylene is liable to chain degradation from exposure to UV radiation such as that present in sunlight. Oxidation usually occurs at the secondary carbon atom present in every repeat unit. A free radical is formed here, and then reacts further with oxygen, followed by chain scission to yield aldehydes and carboxylic acids. In external applications, it shows up as a network of fine cracks and crazes which become deeper and more severe with time of exposure.
For external applications, UV-absorbing additives must be used. Carbon black also provides some protection from UV attack. The polymer can also be oxidized at high temperatures, a common problem during molding operations. Anti-oxidants are normally added to prevent polymer degradation.
Polypropylene is commonly recycled
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene

Resin identification code 4

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic made from petroleum. It was the first grade of polyethylene, produced in 1933 by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) using a high pressure process via free radical polymerisation. Its manufacture employs the same method today. LDPE is commonly recycled[citation needed], and has the number "4" as its recycling symbol.

Properties
LDPE is defined by a density range of 0.910 - 0.940 g/cm³. It is unreactive at room temperatures, except by strong oxidizing agents, and some solvents cause swelling. It can withstand temperatures of 80 °C continuously and 95 °C for a short time. Made in translucent or opaque variations, it is quite flexible, and tough but breakable.
LDPE has more branching (on about 2% of the carbon atoms) than HDPE, so its intermolecular forces (instantaneous-dipole induced-dipole attraction) are weaker, its tensile strength is lower, and its resilience is higher. Also, since its molecules are less tightly packed and less crystalline because of the side branches, its density is lower. LDPE contains the chemical elements carbon and hydrogen.

Chemical resistance
* Excellent resistance (no attack) to dilute and concentrated acids, alcohols, bases and esters
* Good resistance (minor attack) to aldehydes, ketones and vegetable oils
* Limited resistance (moderate attack suitable for short-term use only) to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, mineral oils, and oxidizing agents
* Poor resistance, and not recommended for use with Halogenated hydrocarbons.

Applications
LDPE is widely used for manufacturing various containers, dispensing bottles, wash bottles, tubing, plastic bags for computer components, and various molded laboratory equipment. Its most common use is in plastic bags. Other products made from it include:
* Trays & general purpose containers
* Food storage and laboratory containers
* Corrosion-resistant work surfaces
* Parts that need to be weldable and machinable
* Parts that require flexibility, for which it serves very well
* Very soft and pliable parts
* Six-pack soda can rings
* Extrusion coating on paperboard and aluminum laminated for beverage cartons.
* Computer components, such as hard drives, screen cards and disk-drives.
* Playground Slides
* Plastic Bags
* Plastic Wraps

Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_density_polyethylene

Resin identification code 3

Polyvinyl chloride, (IUPAC Poly(chloroethanediyl)) commonly abbreviated PVC, is a thermoplastic polymer. It is a vinyl polymer constructed of repeating vinyl groups (ethenyls) having one of their hydrogens replaced with a chloride group.

Polyvinyl chloride is the third most widely produced plastic, after polyethylene and polypropylene. Over 50% of PVC manufactured is used in construction,[citation needed] because it is cheap, durable, and easy to assemble. PVC production is expected to exceed 40 million tons by 2016.

It can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers, the most widely used being phthalates. In this form, it is used in clothing and upholstery, and to make flexible hoses and tubing, flooring, to roofing membranes, and electrical cable insulation. It is also commonly used in figurines and in inflatable products such as waterbeds, pool toys, and inflatable structures.

Applications
PVC's intrinsic properties make it suitable for a wide variety of applications. It is biologically and chemically resistant, making it the plastic of choice for most household sewerage pipes and other pipe applications where corrosion would limit the use of metal.
With the addition of impact modifiers and stabilizers, it becomes a popular material for window and door frames. By adding plasticizers, it can become flexible enough to be used in cabling applications as a wire insulator. Example : Clothing, Electric wires, Pipes, Portable electronic accessories, Signs, Joining, Ceiling tiles, Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC), etc.

Recycling
Post-consumer PVC is not typically recycled due to the prohibitive cost of regrinding and recompounding the resin compared to the cost of virgin (unrecycled) resin. Some PVC manufacturers have placed vinyl recycling programs into action, recycling both manufacturing waste back into their products, as well as post consumer PVC construction materials to reduce the load on landfills. The thermal depolymerization process can safely and efficiently convert PVC into fuel and minerals, according to the company that developed it. It is not yet in widespread use.

A new process of PVC recycling is being developed in Europe called Texiloop. This process is based on a technology already applied industrially in Europe and Japan, called Vinyloop, which consists of recovering PVC plastic from composite materials through dissolution and precipitation. It strives to be a closed loop system, recycling its key solvent and hopefully making PVC a future technical nutrient.
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride

Resin identification code 2

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD) is a polyethylene thermoplastic made from petroleum. It takes 1.75 kilograms of petroleum (in terms of energy and raw materials) to make one kilogram of HDPE. HDPE is commonly recycled, and has the number "2" as its recycling symbol. In 2007, the global HDPE market reached a volume of more than 30 million tons.
Properties
HDPE has little branching, giving it stronger intermolecular forces and tensile strength than lower-density polyethylene. It is also harder and more opaque and can withstand somewhat higher temperatures (120 °C/ 248 °F for short periods, 110 °C /230 °F continuously). High-density polyethylene, unlike polypropylene, cannot withstand normally-required autoclaving conditions. The lack of branching is ensured by an appropriate choice of catalyst (e.g., Ziegler-Natta catalysts) and reaction conditions. HDPE contains the chemical elements carbon and hydrogen.

Applications

HDPE is resistant to many different solvents and has a wide variety of applications, including:
* Telecom Ducts
* Containers = Laundry detergent bottles, Milk jugs, Fuel tanks for vehicles
* Plastic lumber
* Folding tables
* Folding chairs
* Storage sheds
* Portable basketball system bases
* Plastic bags
* Geomembrane for hydraulic applications (canals, bank reinforcements...) and the containment of certain chemicals
* Chemical-resistant piping systems
* Heat-resistant fireworks display mortars
* Geothermal heat transfer piping systems
* Natural gas distribution pipe systems
* Water pipes, for domestic water supply
* Coax cable inner insulators (dielectric insulating spacer)
* Root barrier
* Corrosion protection for steel pipelines
* Tyvek
* Snowboard rails and boxes
* Bottles, suitable for use as refillable bottles
* Modern hula hoops
* Ballistic plates
* Bottle Caps

HDPE is also used for cell liners in subtitle D sanitary landfills, wherein large sheets of HDPE are either extrusion or wedge welded to form a homogeneous chemical-resistant barrier, with the intention of preventing the pollution of soil and groundwater by the liquid constituents of solid waste.

One of the largest uses for HDPE is wood plastic composites and composite wood, with recycled polymers leading the way.

HDPE is also widely used in the pyrotechnics trade. HDPE mortars are preferred to steel or PVC tubes because they are more durable and more importantly they are much safer compared to steel or PVC. If a shell or salute were to malfunction (flowerpot) in the mortar, HDPE tends to rip and tear instead of shattering into sharp pieces which can kill or maim onlookers. PVC and steel are particularly prone to this and their use is avoided where possible.

Milk bottles and other hollow goods manufactured through blow molding are the most important application area for HDPE - More than 8 million tons, or nearly one third of worldwide production, was applied here. Above all, China, where beverage bottles made from HDPE were first imported in 2005, is a growing market for rigid HDPE packaging, as a result of its improving standard of living. In India and other highly populated, emerging nations, infrastructure expansion includes the deployment of pipes and cable insulation made from HDPE. The material has benefited from discussions about possible health and environmental problems caused by PVC and Polycarbonate associated Bisphenol A, as well as, its advantages over glass, metal and cardboard.
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_density_polyethylene

Resin identification code 1

Polyethylene terephthalate (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), commonly abbreviated PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P), is a thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in synthetic fibers; beverage, food and other liquid containers; thermoforming applications; and engineering resins often in combination with glass fiber.

Depending on its processing and thermal history, polyethylene terephthalate may exist both as an amorphous (transparent) and as a semi-crystalline material. The semicrystalline material might appear transparent (particle size < 500 nm) or opaque and white (particle size up to a few microns) depending on its crystal structure and particle size. Its monomer (bis-ß-hydroxyterephthalate) can be synthesized by the esterification reaction between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol with water as a byproduct, or by transesterification reaction between ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate with methanol as a byproduct. Polymerization is through a polycondensation reaction of the monomers (done immediately after esterification/transesterification) with ethylene glycol as the byproduct (the ethylene glycol is directly recycled in production).

The majority of the world's PET production is for synthetic fibers (in excess of 60%) with bottle production accounting for around 30% of global demand. In discussing textile applications, PET is generally referred to as simply "polyester" while "PET" is used most often to refer to packaging applications.

Some of the trade names of PET products are Dacron, Diolen, Tergal, Terylene, and Trevira fibers,[1] Cleartuf, Eastman PET and Polyclear bottle resins, Hostaphan, Melinex, and Mylar films, and Arnite, Ertalyte, Impet, Rynite and Valox injection molding resins. The polyester industry makes up about 18% of world polymer production and is third after polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP).
Chemical structure of polyethylene terephthalate.

PET consists of polymerized units of the monomer ethylene terephthalate, with repeating C10H8O4 units. PET is commonly recycled, and has the number "1" as its recycling symbol.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate

An easy way to make the glass window of the room or house sparkling clean

Who would not want a house or room look clean? One of them is the glass window because this is one of the objects visible from the outside. Many cleaning products made from chemicals and have been circulating in the market. Of course this is in addition to cost, will also contaminate the environment with chemical reactions.

In these tips are necessary is a wet towel or cloth and old newspapers. First, clean the glass window with a wet towel or cloth to look clean (no dirt and patches). Second, prepare newspaper (unused). Take one sheet and then knead to form a sphere like a ball, then wipe the glass window with a circular motion (a circle on the glass window). Perform this process until blended and see the results.

Tips are only using the materials are cheap and even free, and take advantage of unused newspaper before recycled or disposed of.

Universal Recycling Symbol

The SPI resin identification coding system is a set of symbols placed on plastics to identify the polymer type. It was developed by the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) in 1988, and used internationally. The primary purpose of the codes is to allow efficient separation of different polymer types for recycling.

The symbols used in the code consist of arrows that cycle clockwise to form a rounded triangle and enclosing a number, often with an acronym representing the plastic below the triangle. When the number is omitted, the symbol is known as the universal Recycling Symbol, indicating generic recyclable materials. In this case, other text and labels are used to indicate the material(s) used. Previously recycled resins are coded with an "R" prefix (for example, a PETE bottle made of recycled resin could be marked as RPETE using same numbering).

Contrary to misconceptions, the number does not indicate how hard the item is to recycle, nor how often the plastic was recycled. It is an arbitrary number and has no other meaning aside from identifying the specific plastic.
The Unicode character encoding standard includes the resin identification codes, between code points U+2673 and U+2679 inclusive. The generic material recycling symbol is encoded as code point U+267A.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin_identification_code

Fresh Air in a Private Room

All rooms owner would want a room with fresh air. Many things can be done to make this happen. For example by setting the room decor or room structure, and can also complement the room with air conditioning and others. But these methods is quite expensive and difficult. There is one way that can be fairly inexpensive and easy to do.

Namely how to maintain plants in pots. In this case we are free to choose plants that we like, from the type, color, price and how to treat them. If you have difficulty in this case we can ask for help the people around us or the seller of decorative plants. When we have decided which plants will be used, then the next step is to put the pot into the room.

Things to consider is the placement of these pots. First: It's best to not interfere with the goods, as well as close to the bedroom window. Second: Do not forget to remove the plant out of the room at night and input again after the morning, and so on. An easy way mentioned above, then the room we will continue to have fresh air.

Utilizing the old plastic bags

Each finished shopping, we always get a plastic bag as a place for groceries. Most of these bags will always be discarded or stored without a clear purpose. Therefore, here will be given the benefits gained from the plastic.

Every house or room must have a trash can with a variety of shapes and sizes. and every evening or early morning we'll throw it to lift the trash into a garbage dump in front of the house, which of course it is very inconvenient. Here are the benefits of plastic bag. From now on we do not bother to take the trash to the front of the house. What we need to do is put it into plastic trash can in each room. Thus if you want to trash it, we just need to take a garbage bag and took it to the dump in front of the house.

With these plastic bag we can do it without disrupting other activities, such as going to work or to school. And do not forget to put the plastic in the trash at each room.

Paperless

Who in this world who do not know the paper? and we also know from what the paper is made. Although the paper has been used for things that are useful, but others wasted. However, recently people started to realize this.

Millions of trees should be cut down to produce paper. Almost every country doing this. For countries that can not produce a paper can be imported from other countries. Initially this business is very profitable, but there are other effects that less attention. recently has begun to feel the impact of paper production. Impacts include global warming, cycle erratic weather, floods everywhere and many more.

Many things can be done to prevent these effects. Starting from reforestation, replanting, reducing the cutting of trees and the simplest to reduce paper usage (Paperless) and many other ways that can be done.

The topic of "Paperless" recently begun socialized with the aim of reducing the use of paper ranging from consumer to producer level. If the consumption of paper is reduced, the production logic of the paper will also be reduced. Socialization is starting to look everywhere even to the Internet is via email with a few slogans. In addition consumers can still use paper to take advantage of the unused side.

With the slogan "Paperless" expected to be able to play a role in reducing the impact of global warming.

Green Living

Green living has really taken hold and has gone mainstream in the last couple of years. More and more people are recycling, but that’s not it. There are homeowners who are going totally green from heating their homes to the foods they eat and everything and anything they can do naturally.

Green living is easy with Pure Selects products from laundry soap to hand soap. All products are free of dye and chemicals including SLS or ALS. Made from biodegradable formulas, these products come in recycled containers. What’s more interesting is that the consumer can elect to add enhancers such as extra shine, botanicals, fragrances or aloe, creating their own custom product.
Other great ideas for green living is Natural Visions soaps containing olive oil, coconut oil and soybean oil. The soaps are not only green but are hand crafted by soap artisans. They are available in 18 fragrances to add style to any bathroom.

But green living is not just for external joy, you can be green inside as well. Natural Visions Mind, Body and Soul products deliver pure products to your body. Mind super drink not only fortify your body but can prevent major diseases all while being green. This super drink contains the strongest natural antioxidants and is enhanced with 120 plant derived vitamins as well as minerals. Utilizing the patented glyconutrient enriched aloe vera delivery system, Mind packs power into each one ounce service with acai berry, noni berry, pomegranate, grape seed extract, mangosteen, gogi berry, green tea extract, aloe vera, blueberry, muscadine grape, vitamins B1, B3, B5, B6 & B12 as well as the 120 plant derived vitamins and minerals.

Natural Visions Body contains probiotics, fish oil, pure south African Hoodia, digestive enzymes, amino acids, and whey protein isolate blend. Supercharged with 100 vitamins and minerals with only 1 gram of fat and 8 grams of carbohydrates per servicing. The formula curbs your appetite and fills you up. Body helps you to lose or maintain a healthy weight with green products that are pure and healthy for you.
Natural Visions Soul contains 11 grasses and grains, 72 plant derived vitamins and minerals, 7 algae and sea weed, 11 fruits and vegetables, 4 enzymes, 4 herbs, 10 probiotics and aloe vera. Taking four capsules with each meal equals 10 full servings of vegetables and fruits, the daily recommended allotment.

There is a way to go green for your mind, body and soul and everything you touch. All it takes is some research and some imagination. Not only save the earth, but save your health as well.

Source : www.healthybeaut.net

Start from Yourself

That's some kind of recycling that until now widely used. But do not demand the possibility that one day the amount will increase. What about us? what have we done? especially the support of the concept of recycling.
Do any of the concepts as small as recycling, because something big from a small start first. When this is done by everyone, then our earth will be safe from any problems concerning the environment, for example by taking out the trash in place, use of water resources / power-efficient as possible, reduce the use of motor vehicles, and others.

Single Stream Recycling

Single stream (also known as “fully commingled”) recycling refers to a system in which all paper fibers and containers are mixed together in a collection truck, instead of being sorted into separate commodities (newspaper, cardboard, plastic, glass, etc.) by the resident and handled separately throughout the collection process. In single stream, both the collection and processing systems must be designed to handle this fully commingled mixture of recyclables.
Advantages
Proponents of single stream note several advantages:
* Reduced sorting effort by residents may mean more recyclables are placed at the curb and more residents may participate in recycling;
* Reduced collection costs because single-compartment trucks are cheaper to purchase and operate, collection can be automated, and collection routes can be serviced more efficiently;
* Greater fleet flexibility which allows single compartment vehicles to be used for refuse or recycling, providing greater fleet flexibility and reducing the number of reserve vehicles needed. (To avoid confusing customers, use a large sign/banner to distinguish when a refuse truck is being used for recycling);
* Participation and allows you to spend less time recycling volume per household may increase and worker injuries may decrease because the switch to single stream is often accompanied by a switch from bins to cart-based collection;
* Changing to single stream may provide an opportunity to update the collection and processing system and to add new materials to the list of recyclables accepted; and
* More paper grades may be collected, including junk mail, telephone books and mixed residential paper.
Disadvantages
Potential disadvantages of single stream recycling may include:
* Initial capital cost for:
o new carts,
o Different collection vehicles,
o Upgrading of processing facility
o Education of residents;
* Processing costs may increase compared to multiple stream systems
* Possible reduced commodity prices due to contamination of paper;
* Increased “downcycling” of paper, i.e., use of high quality fibers for low-end uses like boxboard due to presence of contaminants;
* Possible increase in residual rates after processing (due chiefly to increased breakage of glass)
* Potential for diminished public confidence if more recyclables are destined for landfill disposal due to contamination or unmarketability.
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-stream_recycling

Full Depth Recycling

Full depth recycling or full depth reclamation (FDR), is a process that rebuilds worn out asphalt pavements by recycling the existing roadway.

Old asphalt and base materials are pulverized using a specialized machine called a reclaimer. On top of the pulverized material, water is added to reach the optimal moisture content for compaction and then a variety of materials, such as dry cement, lime, fly ash, or asphalt emulsion are incorporated for stabilization. A reclaimer is used again to mix all the materials. After shaping and grading, the new base is compacted to produce a strong, durable base for either an asphalt or concrete surface.

This method recycles the materials in situ, there is no need to haul in aggregate or haul out old material for disposal. The vehicle movements are reduced and there is no need for detours since it can be done under traffic, making this process more convenient for local residents.

FDR with cement saves money while preserving natural resources by using existing materials and conserving virgin aggregates. The road performance is improved through better stabilization, building a stronger, low-maintenance road that will last for many years.
source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_Depth_Recycling

Creative Reuse

Creative reuse is the process of taking used or recycled materials and turning them into a creative pieces of art, home decoration, or other useful items.
Although typically associated with creating something from throwaways from commercial offices, creative reuse projects can be big or small and can be made from anything that would otherwise have been thrown away. Creative reuse can be items or artwork that are sold for profit, for non-profit causes, or just for fun.
There are several creative reuse centers in the United States, such as the East Bay Depot in Berkeley, California, the Creative Reuse Warehouse in Chicago, Illinois, The Long Beach Depot for Creative Reuse in Long Beach, California and Fresh Heirlooms Construction Junction in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and SCRAP in Portland, Oregon. Others exist in the United Kingdom.
Another way creative reuse comes into play is through environmentally friendly gifts or "green gifts". Buying eco-friendly gifts made from recycled materials and hand-crafted into something unique and useful is becoming a chic new and environmentally friendly way to shop for weddings, birthdays, baby showers, and the holidays.
source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_reuse

Types of Recycling

Types of recycling

1. Creative reuse
2. Full Depth Recycling
3. Ship-Submarine recycling program
4. Single-stream recycling
5. Thermal depolymerization
6. Chemical reclamation, for example hydrochloric acid regeneration

Waste/Garbage

Waste (also referred to as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, or junk) is unwanted or unusable materials.
In living organisms, waste is the unwanted substances or toxins that are expelled from them. More commonly, waste refers to the materials that are disposed of in a system of waste management.
Waste is directly linked to human development, both technologically and socially. The composition of different wastes have varied over time and location, with industrial development and innovation being directly linked to waste materials. Examples of this include plastics and nuclear technology. Some components of waste have economical value and can be recycled once correctly recovered.
Waste is sometimes a subjective concept, because items that some people discard may have value to others. It is widely recognized that waste materials are a valuable resource, whilst there is debate as to how this value is best realized.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste

The Role of Human

As we all know these days about the environmental issues are sticking out even a discussion at every meeting between the countries. As part of the human beings should be able to cope with this and can preserve the environment. This can we start from ourselves, that is by keeping the environment clean. If every person in the world aware of this, the environmental issue will be muted.
By taking out the trash in place, separating the existing types of waste, reducing the use of goods that can generate garbage and can not recycle, reuse some items that have been used (of course with appropriate processing), the above activity is a real manifestation of people that we support in preserving the environment.

History

Early recycling
Recycling has been a common practice for most of human history, with recorded advocates as far back as Plato in 400 BC. During periods when resources were scarce, archaeological studies of ancient waste dumps show less household waste (such as ash, broken tools and pottery)—implying more waste was being recycled in the absence of new material.
In pre-industrial times, there is evidence of scrap bronze and other metals being collected in Europe and melted down for perpetual reuse. In Britain dust and ash from wood and coal fires was collected by 'dustmen' and downcycled as a base material used in brick making. The main driver for these types of recycling was the economic advantage of obtaining recycled feedstock instead of acquiring virgin material, as well as a lack of public waste removal in ever more densely populated areas. In 1813, Benjamin Law developed the process of turning rags into 'shoddy' and 'mungo' wool in Batley, Yorkshire. This material combined recycled fibres with virgin wool. The West Yorkshire shoddy industry in towns such as Batley and Dewsbury, lasted from the early 19c to at least the First World War.
Wartime recycling
Resource shortages caused by the world wars, and other such world-changing occurrences greatly encouraged recycling. Massive government promotion campaigns were carried out in World War II in every country involved in the war, urging citizens to donate metals and conserve fibre, as a matter of significant patriotic importance. Resource conservation programs established during the war were continued in some countries without an abundance of natural resources, such as Japan, after the war ended.
Post-war recycling
The next big investment in recycling occurred in the 1970s, due to rising energy costs. Recycling aluminium uses only 5% of the energy required by virgin production; glass, paper and metals have less dramatic but very significant energy savings when recycled feedstock is used.
Woodbury, New Jersey was the first city in the entire United States to mandate recycling. Led by Rose Rowan in the early 1970s, the idea of towing a "recycling" trailer behind a waste management vehicle to enable the collection of trash and recyclable material at the same time emerged. Other towns and cities soon followed suit, and today many cities in the U.S. make recycling a requirement.
In 1987, the Mobro 4000 barge hauled garbage from New York to North Carolina; where it was denied. It was then sent to Belize; where it was denied as well. Finally, the barge returned to New York and the garbage was incinerated. The incident led to heated discussions in the media about waste disposal and recycling. The incident is often referred to as igniting the recycling "hysteria" of the 1990s.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycle

What is Recycling

Recycling involves processing used materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to virgin production. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" waste hierarchy.
Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, metal, plastic, textiles, and electronics. Although similar in effect, the composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste – such as food or garden waste – is not typically considered recycling. Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials bound for manufacturing.
In a strict sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material, for example used office paper to more office paper, or used foamed polystyrene to more polystyrene. However, this is often difficult or too expensive (compared with producing the same product from raw materials or other sources), so "recycling" of many products or materials involves their reuse in producing different materials (e.g., cardboard) instead. Another form of recycling is the salvage of certain materials from complex products, either due to their intrinsic value (e.g., lead from car batteries, or gold from computer components), or due to their hazardous nature (e.g., removal and reuse of mercury from various items).
Critics dispute the net economic and environmental benefits of recycling over its costs, and suggest that proponents of recycling often make matters worse and suffer from confirmation bias. Specifically, critics argue that the costs and energy used in collection and transportation detract from (and outweigh) the costs and energy saved in the production process; also that the jobs produced by the recycling industry can be a poor trade for the jobs lost in logging, mining, and other industries associated with virgin production; and that materials such as paper pulp can only be recycled a few times before material degradation prevents further recycling. Proponents of recycling dispute each of these claims, and the validity of arguments from both sides has led to enduring controversy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycle